Install the Cloudflare certificate

If your device does not support certificate installation via WARP, you can manually install the Cloudflare certificate. You must add the certificate to both the system keychain and to individual application stores. These steps must be performed on each new device that is to be subject to HTTP filtering.

​​ Download the Cloudflare root certificate

First, download the Cloudflare certificate. The certificate is available both as a .pem and as a .crt file. Certain applications require the certificate to be in a specific file type, so ensure you download the most appropriate file for your use case.

• Download certificate (.crt)
• Download certificate (.pem)

​​ Verify the certificate fingerprint

To verify your download, check that the certificate’s thumbprint matches:

​​ SHA1

BB:2D:B6:3D:6B:DE:DA:06:4E:CA:CB:40:F6:F2:61:40:B7:10:F0:6C

➜  ~ openssl x509 -noout -fingerprint -sha1 -inform der -in <Cloudflare_CA.crt>
SHA1 Fingerprint=BB:2D:B6:3D:6B:DE:DA:06:4E:CA:CB:40:F6:F2:61:40:B7:10:F0:6C
➜  ~ openssl x509 -noout -fingerprint -sha1 -inform pem -in <Cloudflare_CA.pem>
SHA1 Fingerprint=BB:2D:B6:3D:6B:DE:DA:06:4E:CA:CB:40:F6:F2:61:40:B7:10:F0:6C

​​ SHA256

F5:E1:56:C4:89:78:77:AD:79:3A:1E:83:FA:77:83:F1:9C:B0:C6:1B:58:2C:2F:50:11:B3:37:72:7C:62:3D:EF

➜  ~ openssl x509 -noout -fingerprint -sha256 -inform der -in <Cloudflare_CA.crt>
sha256 Fingerprint=F5:E1:56:C4:89:78:77:AD:79:3A:1E:83:FA:77:83:F1:9C:B0:C6:1B:58:2C:2F:50:11:B3:37:72:7C:62:3D:EF
➜  ~ openssl x509 -noout -fingerprint -sha256 -inform pem -in <Cloudflare_CA.pem>
sha256 Fingerprint=F5:E1:56:C4:89:78:77:AD:79:3A:1E:83:FA:77:83:F1:9C:B0:C6:1B:58:2C:2F:50:11:B3:37:72:7C:62:3D:EF

​​ Add the certificate to operating systems

​​ macOS

In macOS, you can choose the keychain in which you want to install the certificate. Each keychain impacts which users will be affected by trusting the root certificate.

To install the Cloudflare certificate in macOS, you can use either the Keychain Access application or a terminal. Both methods require you to download the Cloudflare certificate in .crt format.

$ sudo security add-trusted-cert -d -r trustRoot -k /Library/Keychains/System.keychain <path-to-Cloudflare_CA.crt>

$ echo | sudo tee -a /etc/ssl/cert.pem < Cloudflare_CA.pem

​​ Windows

Windows offers two locations to install the certificate, each impacting which users will be affected by trusting the root certificate.

1. Download the Cloudflare certificate.

2. Right-click the certificate file.

3. Select Open. If a security warning appears, choose Open to proceed.

4. The Certificate window will appear. Select Install Certificate.

5. Now choose a Store Location. If a security warning appears, choose Yes to proceed.

6. On the next screen, select Browse.

7. In the list, choose the Trusted Root Certification Authorities store.

8. Select OK, then select Finish.

The root certificate is now installed and ready to be used.

​​ Linux

The location where the root certificate should be installed is different depending on your Linux distribution. Follow the specific instructions for your distribution.

​​ Debian-based distributions

The following procedure applies to Debian-based systems, such as Debian, Ubuntu, and Kali Linux.

1. Download the .pem certificate.
2. Install the ca-certificates package.

$ sudo apt-get install ca-certificates

3. Copy the certificate to the system, changing the file extension to .crt.

$ sudo cp Cloudflare_CA.pem /usr/share/ca-certificates/Cloudflare_CA.crt

4. Import the certificate.

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure ca-certificates

​​ Red Hat-based distributions

The following procedure applies to Red Hat-based systems, such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), Fedora, Rocky Linux, and AlmaLinux.

1. Download both the .crt certificate and the .pem certificate.
2. Install the ca-certificates package.

$ sudo dnf install ca-certificates

3. Copy both certificates to the trust store.

$ sudo cp Cloudflare_CA.crt Cloudflare_CA.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors

4. Import the certificate.

$ sudo update-ca-trust

​​ NixOS

NixOS does not use the system certificate store for self updating and instead relies on the certificates found in ~/.nix-profile/etc/ssl/certs or provided by NIX_SSL_CERT_FILE at runtime.

​​ iOS

iOS only allows the Safari browser to open and install certificates.

1. Open Safari and download the Cloudflare certificate. The device will show a message: This website is trying to download a configuration profile. Do you want to allow this?

2. Select Allow.

3. Go to Settings, where a new Profile Downloaded section will appear directly beneath your iCloud user account info.

4. Select Install. If the iOS device is passcode-protected, you will be prompted to enter the passcode.

5. Next, a certificate warning will appear. Select Install. If a second prompt appears, select Install again.

6. Next, the Profile Installed screen will appear. Select Done. The certificate is now installed. However, before it can be used, it must be trusted by the device.

7. Go to Settings > General > About > Certificate Trust Settings. The installed root certificates will be displayed under Enable full trust for root certificates.

8. Enable the Cloudflare certificate.

9. A security warning message will appear. Choose Continue.

The root certificate is now installed and ready to be used.

​​ Android

1. Download the Cloudflare certificate.

2. Go to Settings > Security > Advanced > Encryption & credentials > Install a certificate.

3. Select CA certificate.

4. Select Install anyway.

5. Verify your identity.

6. Choose the certificate file you want to install.

The root certificate is now installed and ready to be used.

​​ ChromeOS

ChromeOS devices use different methods to store and deploy root certificates. Certificates may fall under the VPN and apps or CA certificate settings. Follow the procedure that corresponds with your device.

After adding the Cloudflare certificate to ChromeOS, you may also have to install the certificate in your browser.

​​ Add the certificate to applications

Some packages, development tools, and other applications provide options to trust root certificates that will allow for the traffic inspection features of Gateway to work without breaking the application.

All of the applications below first require downloading the Cloudflare certificate with the instructions above. On Mac, the default path is /Library/Keychains/System.keychain Cloudflare_CA.crt. On Windows, the default path is \Cert:\CurrentUser\Root.

​​ Browsers

​​ Chrome

Versions of Chrome before Chrome 113 use the operating system root store Open external link on macOS and Windows. Chrome 113 and newer on macOS and Windows – and all versions on Linux and ChromeOS – use the Chrome internal trust store Open external link .

To install the Cloudflare certificate to Chrome manually:

1. Download the Cloudflare certificate in .pem format.
2. In Chrome, go to Settings > Privacy and security > Security.
3. Select Manage certificates.
4. Go to Authorities. Select Import.
5. In the file open dialog, choose the Cloudflare_CA.pem file you downloaded.
6. In the dialog box, turn on Trust this certificate for identifying websites, Trust this certificate for identifying email users, and Trust this certificate for identifying software makers. Select OK.
7. To verify the certificate was installed and trusted, locate it in Authorities.

For information on installing the Cloudflare certificate for organizations, refer to Google’s Chrome Enterprise and Education documentation Open external link .

​​ Firefox

To install the Cloudflare certificate to Firefox manually:

1. Download the Cloudflare certificate in .pem format.
2. In Firefox, go to Settings > Privacy & Security.
3. In Security, select Certificates > View Certificates.
4. In Authorities, select Import.
5. In the file open dialog, choose the Cloudflare_CA.pem file you downloaded.
6. In the dialog box, turn on Trust this CA to identify websites and Trust this CA to identify email users. Select OK.
7. To verify the certificate was installed and trusted, locate it in the table under Cloudflare.

For information on installing the Cloudflare certificate for organizations, refer to this Mozilla support article Open external link .

​​ Python

​​ Python on Windows

The command to install the certificate with Python on Windows automatically includes pip and certifi (the default certificate bundle for certificate validation).

1. In a PowerShell terminal, download the Cloudflare root certificate:

   curl.exe -o Cloudflare_CA.crt https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-one/static/Cloudflare_CA.crt

2. Update the bundle to include the Cloudflare certificate:

   gc .\Cloudflare_CA.crt | ac C:\Python37\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\certifi\cacert.pem

​​ Python on Mac and Linux

1. In a terminal, install the certifi package:

   $ pip install certifi
   

2. Identify the CA store:

   $ python -m certifi
   ~/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/certifi/cert.pem

3. Download the Cloudflare root certificate:

   $ wget https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-one/static/Cloudflare_CA.pem
   

4. Append the Cloudflare certificate to this CA store by running:

   $ echo | cat - Cloudflare_CA.pem >> $(python -m certifi)
   

5. If needed, configure system variables to point to this CA store:

   $ export CERT_PATH=$(python -m certifi)
   $ export SSL_CERT_FILE=${CERT_PATH}
   $ export REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=${CERT_PATH}
   

​​ Git

​​ Git on Windows

1. Open PowerShell.

2. Run the following command:

git config -l

This command will output:

core.symlinks=false
core.autocrlf=true
core.fscache=true
color.diff=auto
color.status=auto
color.branch=auto
color.interactive=true
help.format=html
rebase.autosquash=true
http.sslcainfo=C:/Program Files/Git/mingw64/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt
http.sslbackend=openssl
diff.astextplain.textconv=astextplain
filter.lfs.clean=git-lfs clean -- %f
filter.lfs.smudge=git-lfs smudge -- %f
filter.lfs.process=git-lfs filter-process
filter.lfs.required=true
credential.helper=manager

3. The http.sslcainfo defines the CA Certificate store. To append the Cloudflare certificate to the CA bundle, update http.sslcainfo.

gc .\Cloudflare_CA.pem | ac $(git config --get http.sslcainfo)

​​ Git on Mac and Linux

Configure Git to trust the Cloudflare certificate.

$ git config --global http.sslcainfo [PATH_TO_CLOUDFLARE_CERT]

​​ npm

The command below will set the cafile configuration to use the Cloudflare certificate. Make sure to use the certificate in the .pem file type.

$ npm config set cafile [PATH_TO_CLOUDFLARE_CERT.pem]

On some systems you may need to set the following in your path/export list:

$ export NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS='[PATH_TO_CLOUDFLARE_CERT.pem]'

​​ Google Cloud

​​ Google Cloud SDK

The commands below will set the Google Cloud SDK to use the Cloudflare certificate. For more information on configuring the Google Cloud SDK, refer to the Google Cloud documentation Open external link .

1. Get curl’s cacert bundle.

   $ curl -O https://curl.se/ca/cacert.pem
   

2. Get the Cloudflare CA.

   $ curl -O https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-one/static/Cloudflare_CA.pem
   

3. Combine the certs into a single .pem file.

   $ cat cacert.pem Cloudflare_CA.pem > ~/ca.pem
   

4. Configure Google Cloud to use the combined .pem.

   $ gcloud config set core/custom_ca_certs_file ~/ca.pem
   

​​ Kaniko

If you use Kaniko with Google Cloud SDK, you must install the Cloudflare certificate in the Kaniko CA store Open external link . For more information, refer to the gcloud documentation Open external link .

​​ Google Drive for desktop

To trust the Cloudflare root certificate in the Google Drive desktop application, follow the procedure for your operating system. These steps require you to download the .pem certificate.

$ defaults read /Library/Preferences/com.google.drivefs.settings

reg QUERY "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Google\DriveFS" /v TrustedRootCertsFile"

For more information, refer to the Google documentation Open external link for the TrustedRootCertsFile setting.

​​ Google Apps Manager (GAM)

Google Apps Manager (GAM) uses its own certificate store. To add the Cloudflare certificate to GAM, refer to the GAM documentation Open external link .

​​ AWS CLI

If you’re using the AWS CLI, you need to set the AWS_CA_BUNDLE environment variable to use the Cloudflare root certificate. Commands are available for different operating systems in the AWS instructions Open external link .

​​ PHP Composer

The command below will set the cafile Open external link configuration inside of composer.json to use the Cloudflare root certificate. Make sure to use the certificate in the .pem file type.

$ composer config cafile [PATH_TO_CLOUDFLARE_CERT.pem]

Alternatively, you can add this manually to your composer.json file under the config key.

​​ JetBrains

To install the Cloudflare root certificate on JetBrains products, refer to the links below:

• AppCode Open external link
• CLion Open external link
• DataGrip Open external link
• DataSpell Open external link
• GoLand Open external link
• IntelliJ IDEA Open external link
• PhpStorm Open external link
• PyCharm Open external link
• Rider Open external link
• WebStorm Open external link

​​ Eclipse

To install the Cloudflare root certificate on Eclipse IDE for Java Developers, you must add the certificate to the Java virtual machine (JVM) used by Eclipse.

1. Download the Cloudflare certificate.

2. Find the java.home value for your Eclipse installation.

   1. In Eclipse, go to Eclipse > About Eclipse (or Help > About Eclipse IDE on Windows and Linux)
   2. Select Installation Details, then go to Configuration.
   3. Search for java.home, then locate the value. For example:

   *** System properties:
   java.home=/Users/<username>/.p2/pool/plugins/org.eclipse.justj.openjdk.hotspot.jre.full.macosx.aarch64_17.0.8.v20230831-1047/jre
   4. Copy the full path after java.home=.

3. Add the Cloudflare certificate to Eclipse’s JVM.

set JAVA_HOME="\path\to\java.home"

"%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool.exe" -import -file "%UserProfile%\Downloads\Cloudflare_CA.crt" -alias CloudflareRootCA -keystore "%JAVA_HOME%\lib\security\cacerts" -storepass changeit -trustcacerts -noprompt

For more information on adding certificates to Eclipse with keytool, refer to IBM’s documentation Open external link .

​​ RubyGems

To trust the Cloudflare root certificate in RubyGems, follow the procedure for your operating system. These steps require you to download the .pem certificate.

​​ Minikube

To trust the Cloudflare root certificate in Minikube, refer to x509: certificate signed by unknown authority Open external link .